EMOPOL / incipol_fear_pilot

The Effects of Fear Appeals

This was a study carried out as a test-run of the EMOPOL paradigm. Its purpose was to investigate whether the presence of fear appeals in political speeches influences voters' emotions.

Stimuli

28 clips

Pick a clip to read its transcript.

Transcript

Clip 1 / Filip Dewinter

Fear · Vlaams Belang · 127.00 seconds

Vorige week werd op, buslijn zesendertig een zevenenzestigjarige Antwerpenaar koelbloedig vermoord door een illegaal die helemaal niet in ons land hoefde te zijn. Man werd de keel overgesneden en het was de bedoeling van de illegale zogenaamde vluchteling om ook verschillende andere mensen te vermoorden. Door het koelbloedig optreden van een van de passagiers is dat gelukkig niet gebeurd. Vlaams Belang pleit voor een veilig openbaar vervoer. En veiligheid op het openbaar vervoer betekent dat er dringend een aantal maatregelen moeten genomen worden. Ik denk aan camerabewaking die ook online verbonden is met de meldcentrale, zodanig dat opgetreden kan worden wanneer dat noodzakelijk is. Ten tweede moeten de buschauffeurs en het personeel dat op de bussen werkt uitgerust worden met bodycams en met een verweermiddel, bijvoorbeeld pepperspray. En ten derde moet zeker op risicolijnen er een politionele aanwezigheid zijn. Dat betekent de oprichting van een bus-, tram- en metrobrigade van de politie die instaat voor de veiligheid in de metrostations, maar ook op de metro's en op de bussen van de lijn. Hier op deze plaats werd het slachtoffer uiteindelijk vermoord door een illegale zogenaamde vluchteling. Een moord die nooit had hoeven te gebeuren omwille van het simpele feit dat illegaliteit gedoogd wordt. Omwille van het feit dat we geconfronteerd worden met open grenzen en een veel te laks immigratiebeleid, krijgen dit soort van moordenaars de kans om te doen wat ze doen, ook in ons land. Dit zijn importproblemen, importgeweld en dit soort van importgeweld kunnen we maar stoppen door de import te stoppen. Dat betekent de immigratie stoppen en illegaliteit keihard aanpakken en de illegalen terugsturen naar hun landen van herkomst.

Clip 2 / Nadia Naji

Fear · Groen · 97.00 seconds

Mevrouw de ambassadeur, ik zit hier vandaag niet als parlementslid. Ik zit hier zelf als moeder van een jonge baby. En, hoe kan u nog slapen wetende dat zwangere vrouwen tussen het puin hun kinderen ter wereld brengen? Hoe kunt u nog in de spiegel kijken, terwijl dat baby's in couveuses worden weggevaagd door Israëlische bommen? Hoe durft u hier te zitten terwijl kinderen zo uitgemergeld zijn dat ze niet eens meer de kracht hebben om te huilen van de honger? Die baby's, die peuters, die schoolkinderen, die pubers: zij vormden geen bedreiging. En toch zijn zij voor u aanvaardbare collateral damage. Ik noem dat massamoord. Vijftien mensenrechtenorganisaties waarschuwen dat wie samenwerkt met jullie systeem medeplichtig is aan oorlogsmisdaden, hongerige mensen neerschieten aan voedseldistributiepunten, dan noemt u humanitaire hulp. Die mensen worden vernederd, gekleineerd en vervolgens vermoord voor een stuk brood. Ik tekende een open brief om te vragen om de bemanning van de Madleen vrij te laten en om hulpgoederen tot bij de Palestijnen te laten. Daarop kreeg ik van u deze brief, waarop dat u mij vraagt om mijn pogingen te beperken tot legale wegen. Mevrouw de ambassadeur, als er één ding is, waar ik geen lessen van u te leren heb, is het wel over 'legale wegen'. Mevrouw de ambassadeur, u kunt proberen te ontwijken, verdoezelen, af te leiden, maar de waarheid laat zich niet wegbombarderen. Ik ga nu dan ook niet verder luisteren naar het goedpraten van oorlogsmisdaden en van genocide. Ik zal niet verder luisteren naar uw fake news.

Clip 3 / Egbert Lachaert

Fear · Open VLD · 45.00 seconds

Ik ben echt verontwaardigd of wat ik deze middag zie. de laatste dagen en de laatste weken hebben we harde verklaringen gezien van Vlaamse excellenties die zeggen: als ik mijn kindje afzet op school kan ik er niet om zien dat al die kinderen sterven in Gaza, het is urgent, het moet stoppen onmiddelijk. Gisteren nog de premier en deze ochtend de nieuwe voorzitter van de N-VA die zegt: de menselijkheid heeft voor mij altijd vooropgestaan. het feit dat men resoluties van de oppositie, en die van ons was nog matig, ik denk dat die van ons nog heel matig opgesteld was en gebalanceerd, zowel naar Israël als naar wat Hamas verkeerd gedaan heeft, en dat men dat zelfs gewoon niet wil behandelen en nu met een fletse tekst afkomt, die niets betekent en die voor de kinderen in Gaza niets bij brengt. Wel voor de behandeling van jullie resolutie gaan wij buiten

Clip 4 / Sammy Mahdi

Fear · CD&V · 38.00 seconds

Buiten staat Brussel niet stil. Gisteren kalasjnikovschoten en andere geweerschoten, vandaag opnieuw. En op dit moment durven hier een communautair debat te maken van de fusie van de Brusselse politiezones, die ervoor moet zorgen dat de veiligheid van onze hoofdstad gegarandeerd wordt, is schandalig! Maar wat ik nog een grotere schande vind, is uw vrienden van de PS, die al jaar en dag Brussel besturen en onveilig laten maken, zien te, zien te applaudisseren en gelukkig zien te worden van de situatie zoals ze vandaag in Brussel is. Het is jullie schuld, want jullie hebben nooit geïnvesteerd in de veiligheid van onze hoofdstad. En dan applaudisseren? Het is crimineel.

Clip 5 / Hannelore Goeman

Fear · Vooruit · 52.00 seconds

Hoeveel verhalen hebben we de voorbije maanden nu al gehoord over gaybashing? Over jongeren die doelbewust afspreken met mensen uit de LGBTQI-gemeenschap om hen dan bij elkaar te slagen? Dat is compleet onaanvaardbaar. En wij maken ons daar hele grote zorgen over. Want er loopt echt iets fundamenteel mis in onze samenleving, als kinderen, als jongeren het blijkbaar normaal vinden, nodig vinden, om mensen aan te vallen en te mishandelen op het moment dat ze een identiteit hebben of een geaardheid die hen niet aanstaat. Voor Vooruit is het eigenlijk heel simpel, is het ook heel duidelijk: iedereen moet zichzelf kunnen zijn, altijd en overal. Iedereen moet altijd veilig kunnen zijn, en zeker op plaatsen die bedoeld zijn als safe space en waar de liefde wordt gevierd. En dus mijn vraag voor u, mevrouw de minister, is: welke concrete stappen wil u ondernemen om deze escalatie van geweld naar de LGBTQI-gemeenschap te stoppen? Dank u wel.

Clip 6 / Manu Diericx

Fear · NVA · 52.00 seconds

In die zin zijn de uitspraken van de collega's van PVDA en Groen echt problematisch, echt problematisch. Er wordt hier gevraagd naar een kader. Ik zal dat even vertalen voor de mensen thuis, men vraagt hier naar een gedachtenpolitie. men zegt hier: culturele organisaties moeten over bepaalde thema's zo en zo denken, anders heeft u een probleem. Dan moet dat blijkbaar een wettelijk kader voor komen. Dat is ongeloofelijk griezelig. Dat doet me denken aan oproepen van andere politici die zeggen dat - en de minister heeft hier naar verwezen - subsidies moet afpakken van organisaties die dan een verkeerde mening zouden hebeben. allé collega's, denk daar toch eens over door. De landen waarin dat dat gebeurt, waar organisaties worden aangepakt omdat ze standpunten innemen die helemaal niet van de politiek zijn die daar worden op aangepakt. Dat zijn echt griezellige landen hoor. Ik wil het lijstje wel eens maken, daar wil je echt niet wonen he.

Clip 7 / Gaby Colebunders

Fear · PVDA · 41.00 seconds

8 op de 10 55-plussers dreigt een uitkering te gaan verliezen. En wie zijn die mensen, mevrouw de minister? Het zijn niet de profiteurs, het zijn de mensen die dag in dag uit hard hebben gewerkt: in de logistiek, in de zorg, in de bouw, die u nu gaat aanpakken en stigmatiseren. Dat is wat dat u gaat doen. U gaat van deze mensen een groep maken van profiteurs. Terwijl dat u juist meer moet gaan inzetten om deze mensen te kunnen gaan begeleiden. Die mensen hebben nood aan begeleiding. Die mensen hebben nood aan meer opleidingen. Maar in plaats van hen te begeleiden, staat u hier met een stok om mensen die keihard hebben gewerkt heel hun leven lang om hen in een hoek te duwen en in collectieve armoede te duwen.

Clip 8 / Filip Dewinter

Fear · Vlaams Belang · 85.00 seconds

Wel, ik ben een ervaringsdeskundige wat bedreigingen betreft. Ik ben in dit lokaal al twee keer met een wapen bedreigd. Bij mij thuis ben ik door een radicale jihadiste bedreigd, nu tien jaar geleden. Mesincidenten zijn er geweest, er zijn bijna dagelijks doodsbedreigingen. Wie het over de islam en over de radicale islam en de bedreiging van die radicale islam voor onze samenleving en niet alleen terreur, maar ook de islamisering en dergelijke durft hebben, die is een doelwit. Dat doet mij toch vermoeden dat er onvoldoende screening is ten opzichte van veel van deze mensen. En dat heeft natuurlijk te maken bij de pudeur, de terughoudendheid die gecreëerd wordt door die politieke correctheid. Doordat het feit dat men direct beschuldigd wordt indien men zou screenen op basis van het feit dat men moslim is dan krijgen we onmiddellijk een verhaal van islamofobie en racisme en discriminatie en dat soort dingen meer. Dus dit soort van etnisch-religieuze profilering dat moeten we wel degelijk durven doen. En de olifant in de kamer, dat is de islam. Want door de islam binnen te halen, hebben we natuurlijk een ideologie binnengehaald die die terreur faciliteert en aanzet tot geweld tegen ongelovigen.

Clip 9 / Petra De Sutter

Fear · Groen · 56.00 seconds

Ik ben nu blijkbaar voor het Vlaams Belang de verpersoonlijking van de nieuwe vijand zeg maar. Namelijk de diversiteit, seksuele oriëntatie, genderidentiteit, waar wij tientallen jaren in onze samenlevingen rechten voor hebben opgebouwd en gelukkig de wetgeving die we daarvoor hebben beschermd. Mensen, zoals ikzelf en zoals vele anderen. En dit wordt nu een gevaar voor de waarden waar het Vlaams Belang beweert voor te staan, die nu blijkbaar een electoraal thema is geworden. Dus het was misschien maar een kwestie van tijd wanneer dat ging komen, want Poetin was vijftien jaar geleden met zijn anti-homo propagandawetgeving bezig. Orban heeft dat overgenomen. In Italië heeft Meloni ervoor gezorgd dat meemoeders hun ouderlijke rechten kwijt geraken als ze samen een kind hebben. Dus je ziet toch wel wat die agenda inhoudt, welk risico dat inhoudt? Voor heel veel mensen in onze samenleving, voor de diversiteit. Dus ik vind dit zeer onrustwekkend.

Clip 10 / Alexia Bertrand

Fear · Open VLD · 48.00 seconds

Arizona is watching you. Beste burgers, het gaat over uw gezondheid. Het gaat over uw geld. Het gaat over uw WhatsApp-berichten. Arizona wil weten wat u doet, wanneer u het doet en met wie u communiceert. Het wantrouwen heerst. En ik kan u zeggen: als liberaal zal ik mij altijd verzetten tegen een samenleving waarin de overheid alles en iedereen controleert. U kiest voor wantrouwen. Wantrouwen tegenover de dokters, die allemaal frauderen. Wantrouwen tegenover de ondernemers, die aan de rand van hun zwembad liggen. Wantrouwen tegenover de burgers, die een bankrekening hebben, of die Whatsappen. Schuldig tot het tegendeel is bewezen. Dat is de visie van deze regering.

Clip 11 / Hilde Crevits

Fear · CD&V · 30.00 seconds

Moeten wij dat als samenleving normaal vinden? Moeten wij dan normaal vinden dat jongeren met een mes rondlopen? Dat ze met een mes naar school gaan, dat ze met een mes uitgaan, dat ze met een mes naar de sportclub gaan? Het antwoord, collega's, moet overduidelijk zijn, nee. En dat is de eerste opdracht die we hebben, laat ons dat alsjeblieft niet normaliseren. Wie rondloopt tijdens de dag met een wapen of met een mes, dat hoort niet thuis in een veilige samenleving.

Clip 12 / Conner Rousseau

Fear · Vooruit · 56.00 seconds

Maar wat wil Donald Trump nu opnieuw doen? Hij wil dat jongeren, mensen, geëlektrocuteerd, gefolterd, duiveluitdrijvingen, whatever, mensen mishandeld kunnen worden in de hoop dat iemand straight wordt. Maar waar zijn we dan in godsnaam mee bezig? In plaats van jongeren te helpen, mensen te helpen, dat ze aanvaard worden in de samenleving, dat ze zichzelf kunnen zijn. dat hun mentaal welzijn verbeterd? Nee hé. Meneerke Trump gaat dus een wet ondertekenen waarbij dat al die zotte dingen gewoon terug mogelijk zijn. Ik word daar echt kwaad van. Ik vind dat echt crazy. De economie is aan het instorten dankzij meneerke Trump. De prijzen worden duurder dankzij zijn beste maat Poetin. Wij proberen er iets van te maken en dan is hij daarmee bezig. Ik krijg daar vliegend En ik hoop dat jullie dat ook erg vinden en dat dat jullie ook beroert. Leven en laten leven. Whatever suits you. Zijn wie je wilt zijn. Zijn verliefd op wie je wilt verliefd worden. Voel je goed in je vel.

Clip 13 / Valerie Van Peel

Fear · NVA · 50.00 seconds

Maar het is heel erg om te zeggen, het begint er een beetje bij te horen. En dat is wat mij echt beangstigt eigenlijk. Dat we in een maatschappij beginnen leven die meer en meer polariseert. En ooit loopt dat een keer mis, dat is wel duidelijk. Maar hij blijft daar echt wel rustig onder. Die werkt gewoon door. Ik zeg het, spijtig genoeg is hij dat eigenlijk ook al gewoon. Maar dat is wel iets dat ons moet zorgen maken natuurlijk. Het feit dat je dat als politicus na een tijd gewoon gaat worden. Dat je leven bedreigd wordt. En als partij zijn wij daar eigenlijk misschien wat angstiger voor als hij zelf. En vooral ook, je mag dat niet vergeten, en dat geldt natuurlijk voor iedereen die hier genoemd wordt, die mensen hebben ook een gezin. En dat is pas echt erg. Die zijn helemaal onbeschermd en onbedoeld mee doelwit van zo'n zaken. Dus onderschatten wil ik het zeker niet.

Clip 14 / Raoul Hedebouw

Fear · PVDA · 119.00 seconds

Pensioendiefstal. Dat is wat de regering-De Wever-Rousseau met Mieke doet. Pure pensioendiefstal. Mieke heeft heel haar leven hard gewerkt als huishoudhulp bij verschillende gezinnen. Eerst voltijds, dan jaren halftijds. Want na al die jaren zwaar tillen en poetsen beginnen uw gewrichten te verslijten. Acht operaties heeft ze al achter de rug. Normaal gezien kan Mieke op haar 63 jaar stoppen met 1500 euro pensioen. En 1500 euro, dat is gene vette hé. Awel, deze regering wil haar daarbij nog een malus opleggen van € 300 minder pensioen, elke maand voor de rest van haar leven. Ze zou dan maar moeten rondkomen met 1200 euro. En Mieke trouwens is niet de enige. De regering wil iedereen verplichten om tot 67 jaar te werken. Onze beste jaren afpakken, dat willen ze doen zonder dat er ook maar één specifieke maatregel voor de zware beroepen bestaat. Ze willen ons doen werken tot we erbij neervallen. Of zoals mijn kameraad en onze pensioenspecialist die jullie kennen, Kim de Witte, het zo scherp verwoord in zijn nieuwe boek die nu uitkomt: “Werk, zwijg en sterf.” Dat is een logica. En die logica, daar willen wij niks van, kameraden, en dat gaan we niet laten doen. Want vergeet niet, beste vrienden, er is nog niks, niks definitief beslist. Er is nog geen enkele pensioenmaatregel gestemd. Geloof hen dus niet als ze zeggen dat het geen zin heeft om op straat te komen. Samen kunnen we de pensioenhervorming van de regering tegenhouden. Samen met de brede sociale beweging. Want als we samen staan, kunnen we winnen, kameraden! Daar gaan we voor!

Clip 15 / Tom Lamont

No fear · Vlaams Belang · 74.00 seconds

Vlaanderen is geen regio met veel grondstoffen. Onze economie heeft jarenlang kunnen groeien en welvaart kunnen creëren door onze arbeidsethiek en door onze kennis. Maar als die kennis wegvalt, zal ook onze welvaart wegvallen. Vlaanderen heeft opnieuw nood aan meer en eigen technologische kennis en vakmanschap. En inderdaad, ook regionaal kunnen we daar stappen zetten. Ik geef graag de drone-opleidingen in Oostende als goed voorbeeld. Investeer daarom samen met bedrijven, partners en scholen in meer bekendheid voor STEM-opleidingen en beroepen. In tijden waar technologie bijna dagelijks aan bod komt, lijkt het mij het ideale moment om leerlingen, maar ook werkzoekenden, richting STEM-opleidingen te sturen. Focus ook op die negatieve connotatie, om die weg te werken, die nog steeds rond enkele technische opleidingen hangt door bestaande opleidingen onder de loep te nemen. En vooral, beschrijf technische opleidingen niet zomaar als een plan B, maar als de kans op een succesvolle loopbaan en een meerwaarde in onze samenleving.

Clip 16 / Aimen Horch

No fear · Groen · 97.00 seconds

Hey! Heb je het nieuws gehoord? Dus de lage emissiezone mag van het grondwettelijk hof niet uitgesteld worden. En op zich is dat heel goed nieuws. Maar vooral de reden waarom maakt mij heel gelukkig. Het grondwettelijk hof legt de link met kinderen en de gezondheid van onze kinderen. Astma, luchtwegenproblemen, die komen vaker voor in onze stad, waar er veel verkeer is. En dus daarop handelen is nodig. De lage emissiezone die heeft ook al gezorgd dat de luchtkwaliteit enorm verbeterd is. En dus de verkiezingsstunt, want dat was het, een verkiezingsstunt van MR, van PS, om snel snel die boel overhoop te gooien, daarvan zegt het grondwettelijk hof nu: "Dat gaat niet. Dit gaat over de gezondheid van jonge kinderen en daar mag je niet zomaar mee spelen." Dus wat gebeurd er nu? Want er zijn wel wat mensen zeggen: "Oei, wat dan nu?" Mensen die ter goeder trouw in Brussel rijden, die zullen uiteraard geen boetes krijgen. De taskforce, dat is een werkgroep die die lage emissiezone vormgeeft, die zal nu ook samenkomen en kijken van oké, hoe kan er een overgangsperiode komen? Er moeten ook extra maatregelen komen. Maatregelen voor mensen die financiële kwetsbaar zijn, is hun auto wegdoen en nieuwe auto kopen echt niet evident. We zorgen dat je met mobiliteitsbudget of met begeleidende maatregelen ondersteunt, dat kan en dat is hoe je goed beleid gaat voeren. En dat is waar we nu op moeten inzetten. Specifieke maatregelen voor wie het nodig heeft, maar algemeen onze bevolking beschermen, onze luchtkwaliteit beschermen. Want wat vandaag het grondwettelijk hof zegt is heel duidelijk: "Gezonde lucht, dat is geen luxe, dat is een recht." En dat vind ik belangrijk.

Clip 17 / Vincent Van Quickenborne

No fear · Open VLD · 37.00 seconds

We wisten jullie dat vakbond de werkloosheid uitbetaald in ons land en dat die vakbond voor elke werkloze een premie krijgt. Dat kost de belastingbetaler 200 miljoen euro per jaar, terwijl In de meeste Europese landen de overheid is die de werkloosheid uitbetaald.Daarom heb ik een wetsvoorstel ingediend. Wetsvoorstel om voortaan de werkloosheidsuitkeringen digitaal en efficiënt uit te betalen in plaats dat die 3 vakbonden laat doen. Want Het is ook heel pervers minder werklozen. Hoe minder gouden vakbonds en dat businessmodel dat gaan we breken.

Clip 18 / Jo Brouns

No fear · CD&V · 62.00 seconds

Wil je verbouwen aan je woning of investeren in je zaak of op je landbouwbedrijf? Heel goed nieuws, dat wordt binnenkort allemaal eenvoudiger. Vandaag verdrinken we nog te vaak in een berg aan papierwerk en te veel aan regeltjes. Dat moet echt anders. Daarom gaan we met de grove borstel door al die overbodige regels. Dit veranderde. De meldingsplicht verdwijnt. Ofwel heb je een vergunning nodig, ofwel niet. Wij gaan voor duidelijkheid. Werken waarvoor je in de toekomst geen vergunning meer nodig hebt zijn bijvoorbeeld gevelwerken aan je woning, verbouwingen in je woning, stekkerzonnepanelen als je een appartement hebt en ook heel wat constructies die belangrijk zijn voor onze landbouwers. Ik denk aan drainage's, ik denk aan de pocketvergisters om groene stroom te maken. Dat zijn allemaal zaken waar je in de toekomst geen vergunning meer voor nodig hebt. We roepen een halt toe aan de Vlaamse Lappendeken waarbij elke stad of gemeente nog eigen vergunningsregels kan maken. We gaan voor een duidelijke, limitatieve lijst met heldere afspraken. Minder regels en meer duidelijkheid. Zo maken we Vlaanderen klaar voor de toekomst.

Clip 19 / Hannes Anaf

No fear · Vooruit · 26.00 seconds

En we blijven wel meer dan 1 miljard euro extra investeren in zorg bijvoorbeeld. Iets wat ik zelf heel erg belangrijk vind, om meer mensen met een handicap te kunnen helpen. Om meer plaats in de kinderopvang te kunnen creëren. Om de jeugdhulp, daar waar dat echt heel veel nood is om daar extra te investeren. Dus we moeten moeilijke boodschappen brengen en moeilijke oefeningen maken om ervoor te zorgen dat we op heel veel plekken ook vooruitgaan met onze Vlaamse samenleving.

Clip 20 / Inge Brocken

No fear · NVA · 49.00 seconds

Onze industrie die gaat inderdaad wel door zwaar weer. In deze moeilijke en economische tijden moeten we toch inzetten op hetgene waar wij goed in zijn: en dat is namelijk onderzoek en innovatie. En de Vlaamse regering die heeft afgelopen jaren zoals u daarnet ook wel vertelde, volop ingezet op die op die Vlaamse half geleider industrie en die daarmee dan ook sterk heeft ondersteund. Imec is vandaag wereldspeler. En met de 'European Chips Act' wil Europa geeft het ook net even vermeld tegen 2030 toch instaan voor 20% van de wereldwijde chipproductie. Imec is hierin een cruciale speler. En ik denk dat we absoluut geen kansen mogen laten liggen.

Clip 21 / Wout Schafraet

No fear · PVDA · 44.00 seconds

Wist jij dit al? Er was een deal gesloten met Mattexi om de Aa-valei hier in Schorvoort vol te bouwen. In de deal van NVA, CD&V Vooruit en Groen stond dat er 300 woningen zouden gebouwd worden in dit overstromingsgebied. Het is dankzij de druk van buurtbewoners van natuurliefhebbers en van de PvdA dat we de deal hebben kunnen breken en dat we de Aa-vallei hebben kunnen redden. Maar wij willen verdergaan met je wandelpad langs de Aa publiek toegankelijk voor alle Turnhoutenaren. En weer een bruggetje over de Aa kan je dan helemaal door het groen tot aan de Carrefoursite aan de ring. Wil jij ook een einde aan de achterkamerdeals met die projectontwikkelaars en wil jij meer groen in Turnhout? Stem dan op 13 oktober PVDA lijst twee.

Clip 22 / Barbara Pas

No fear · Vlaams Belang · 40.00 seconds

Ik ben Barbara pas fractieleider voor het Vlaams belang in dit federale Parlement en één van mijn taken, is Natuurlijk de loze beloftes doorprikken van de regering. De Wevers De belofte was om het strengste migratiebeleid ooit te voeren. In de praktijk krijgen we het duurste asielbeleid ooit en op 1 oktober kom ik dat met feiten cijfers en een hele analyse toelichten voor NSV aan de Romaanse Poort Brusselsestraat 63 in Leuven. Ik hoop dat u erbij bent en hoop vooral dat u achteraf mee komt genieten van het gratis vat dat NSVU aanbiedt tot dan.

Clip 23 / Nadia Naji

No fear · Groen · 42.00 seconds

Blijkbaar vindt de VLD het raar dat Great Thunberg het opneemt tegen de genocide en voor de mensen in Gaza. Want ja, hiervoor deed ze toch zowat dingen met het klimaat en de twee? Dat is toch wel wat verwarrend voor de VLD. Het is natuurlijk superlogisch om je uit te spreken voor de mensen in Gaza. Als je ziet wat daar gebeurt, dan kun je niet zwijgen. En trouwens, ik heb de VLD nog nooit horen zeggen dat het onoprecht is om twee jobs te combineren om bijvoorbeeld burgemeester en parlementslid te zijn. Dat vinden ze dan weer niet verwarrend. Maar het opnemen voor het klimaat en tegen een genocide tegelijk, dat vinden ze toch wel wat te moeilijk. Het is nochtans niet zo moeilijk te begrijpen. Beide gaan over onrecht. Beide gaan vooral over mensen, dus dat is megalogisch dat Greta dat doet.

Clip 24 / Bart Somers

No fear · Open VLD · 42.00 seconds

We hebben vandaag het beleidsplan voor de stad Mechelen voor deze bestuursperiode voorgesteld. Het bestaat uit 372 verschillende acties en initiatieven die alles samen ervoor moeten zorgen dat onze stad een aangename plek is om te wonen. Je moet weten dat dat beleidsplan samengaat met een grote investeringsgolf, zoals we dat kennen in Mechelen. We gaan in totaal 580 miljoen euro investeren. En dat is ook nodig, want we willen veel sociale woningen bouwen, nieuwe sportinfrastructuur, goede sociale voorzieningen, investeringen in veiligheid, in parken, in de natuur. Lees het beleidsplan, je gaat zien dat de stad Mechelen de volgende zes jaar niet van plan is om stil te zitten.

Clip 25 / Sammy Mahdi

No fear · CD&V · 30.00 seconds

Voor ons als CD&V is het belangrijk dat we die toekomstige generaties gaan beschermen, hun sociale zekerheid gaan versterken en ervoor zorgen dat er perspectief is op beterschap. En dus gaan we ook de komende jaren daar verder hard aan moeten werken. Maar we zijn goed begonnen, maar we zijn nog niet half gewonnen. We zijn nog niet halfweg, dus ik hoop vooral dat we op die trend verdergaan, samen zien te werken en ervoor zorgen dat we doen wat van ons verwacht wordt als politici. Namelijk grote hervormingen op tafel leggen en zien uit te voeren.

Clip 26 / Melissa Depraetere

No fear · Vooruit · 21.00 seconds

Ik wil daar 100% mijn verantwoordelijkheid voor nemen want ik vind dat heel belangrijk. Zorgen dat er meer wordt gebouwd. We hebben ook een heel hoog bedrag gezien, een historisch hoog bedrag, 6 miljard euro om uit te geven. en ik zie het als mijn persoonlijke verantwoordelijkheid om te zorgen dat elke euro daarvan naar mensen gaan die het nodig hebben om ook te zorgen dat die woningen er komen.

Clip 27 / Mieke Schauvliege

No fear · NVA · 57.00 seconds

Ik denk dat die studie van de instroom in de lerarenopleiding, maar ook alle uitdagingen waar we voor staan, duiden op drie belangrijke zaken die we moeten doen. Drie dingen die wij als N-VA belangrijk vinden. één, ambitieus onderwijs. In kleuter-, lager- en secundair onderwijs. Want dit je kan dit niet remediëren in het hoger onderwijs, dan ben je te laat. Twee, de lerarenopleiding. Vakkennis, vakdidactiek en klasmanagement. Die drie pijlers. En dan drie, onze leerkrachten waarderen. Hoe moeten we dat doen? Door de planlast te reduceren Door ouders te responsabiliseren. en door een motiverend beleid zowel vanuit Vlaanderen, maar ook vanuit het lokale schoolbestuur. En dan kunnen we zorgen dat we én de kwaliteit én het lerarentekort kunnen aanpakken. Dat zijnn voor ons als N-VA, drie belangrijke pijlers, waar we, samen met u (zuhal demir), en gans de Vlaamse regering verder op willen inzetten. Dankuwel.

Clip 28 / Lise Vandecasteele

No fear · PVDA · 55.00 seconds

Dit is echt wel een mooie overwinning. Vorige week ben ik met enkele onthaalouders naar de krant Het Nieuwsblad gestapt omdat een premie die hen twee jaar geleden beloofd werd door de Vlaamse regering, er toch niet zou komen. Dat was een premie van drie duizend euro die ze mochten gebruiken om hun opvang te renoveren of te verbeteren. Minister Gennez zei in parlement dat ze die premie schrapte omdat de federale regering geen belastingvrijstelling wil geven. Maar dat bleek niet te kloppen. Er was nooit overleg geweest over een belastingvrijstelling. Minister Gennez heeft nooit de vraag gesteld of er een vrijstelling kon voorzien worden. Wat blijkt vandaag? De federale regering wil wel zoeken naar een oplossing en wil wel een belastingvrijstelling voorzien, waardoor minister Gennez vandaag in parlement bevestigd heeft dat die premie er toch zal komen. Het is straf dat minister Gennez gelogen heeft. Er is nooit een overleg geweest, maar het is wel keigoed nieuws dat die premie voor onthaalouders er toch zal komen. Onder andere omdat we dat vorige week in de krant hebben kunnen brengen.

How the study was run

Methodology

Overview

The study examined emotional responses to fear appeals in political communication, using video clips drawn from all major Flemish political parties. Fear appeals represent a theoretically motivated and practically significant entry point for the database: they are among the most commonly used emotional strategies in political communication, their effects have been extensively studied with self-report methods, and the neurobiological predictions are sufficiently specific to constitute a meaningful test of whether EMOPOL data can detect theoretically expected psychophysiological signals. The study thus serves simultaneously as a validation of the database infrastructure and as an empirical contribution to the fear appeals literature.

Participants

Participants were recruited via university communication channels, social media, and the personal networks of the research team. Inclusion required participants to be at least 18 years old, hold Belgian voting rights, and have sufficient command of Dutch to understand the political video stimuli and questionnaires. Each participant received EUR 30 compensation for completing the online questionnaire session and a further EUR 30 for attending the laboratory session, for a total of EUR 60. All participants provided written informed consent prior to each session. Data were processed in accordance with GDPR regulations; participants were assigned a pseudonymous identifier at the start of the study and were informed of their right to withdraw at any time and to request deletion of their data. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee for Social Sciences and Humanities of the University of Antwerp prior to data collection.

Stimuli

Political video clips were drawn from the official social media accounts of all seven Flemish political parties represented in the Flemish Parliament at the time of data collection: PVDA, Groen, Vooruit, CD&V, Open VLD, N-VA, and Vlaams Belang. To ensure comparability across clips and parties, all candidate stimuli were required to meet four criteria: the clip had to be posted on an official party or politician account; a single politician had to be the sole speaker and visible for the majority of the clip's duration; the clip had to address a specific policy topic; and the clip had to have been published on or after January 1, 2025. Applying these criteria yielded an initial corpus of 224 candidate clips.

To classify the emotional content of this corpus, 11 independent raters evaluated each clip on three dimensions - fear, valence, and arousal - using nine-point scales. This multi-rater approach is consistent with established practice in affective stimulus research, where consensual ratings across independent evaluators provide more reliable emotional classifications than single-rater judgments (Li et al., 2022).

Two shortlists were prepared within each party. To form the High-Fear shortlist, that party's clips were ranked by descending Fear mean and, in ties, by ascending SD of Fear, retaining the top 6 candidate clips. The Low-Fear shortlist mirrored this procedure, ranking clips by ascending Fear mean and then ascending SD of Fear, again retaining the top 6. This shortlist stage concentrates subsequent decisions on strong, well-agreed candidate clips.

The first seven best High-Fear clips were then chosen jointly by maximizing a score that balances three criteria: higher Fear, stronger inter-judge agreement on Fear (lower SD), and cross-party similarity on Valence and Arousal, so that these dimensions are held approximately constant across parties. The seven best Low-Fear clips were selected in the same spirit, with the additional requirement that each party's Low-Fear clip be meaningfully less fearful than its High-Fear clip. Because each party contributed only 6 candidate clips to each condition, all combinations were evaluated exactly and the maximizer retained. After the best 14 clips (7 per condition) were selected, the process was repeated without them to select the next best 14, for a total of 28 clips. This exhaustive search avoids heuristic choices.

The resulting stimulus set contained 14 high-fear and 14 low-fear clips, matched across parties and balanced on valence and arousal, such that observed differences in physiological responses between conditions could be attributed to fear content rather than to incidental differences in emotional tone or overall arousal level.

Design and procedure

The study followed the two-session EMOPOL protocol. All participants completed an online questionnaire session prior to the laboratory visit. The online session was administered via Qualtrics and collected demographic information, political self-placement, baseline political beliefs on all policy topics addressed in the stimulus clips, and the individual differences battery including measures of Big Five personality traits (BFI-2-S; Soto & John, 2017), moral foundations (MFQ-20; Graham et al., 2011), authoritarianism (VSAS; Bizumic & Duckitt, 2018), social value orientation (SVO; Van Lange, 1999), and need for affect (NAQ-10; Appel & Richter, 2010).

The laboratory session took place at the Social Lab of the University of Antwerp. The experimental room was maintained at a constant illumination of approximately 12 lux to ensure reliable pupillometric measurements, and room temperature was kept stable throughout. Participants were seated at a fixed distance from the monitor and used a chin rest to minimize head movement. Personal items including mobile phones, smartwatches, and jewellery were removed before sensor mounting.

The study employed a within-subjects design in which each participant was exposed to both conditions: 14 high-fear and 14 low-fear political video clips. The 28 clips were presented in a fully randomized order using PsychoPy software. Each trial began with an introduction screen followed by a four-second countdown, after which the clip played in full. Participants were instructed to minimize head movement and blinking during clip presentation. Following each clip, participants completed the post-stimulus self-report battery on the laboratory computer, and recorded any experienced emotions in an open response on paper. The full laboratory session lasted approximately 90 minutes. Participants were debriefed and compensated upon completion.

The shared EMOPOL protocol

Studies contributing to EMOPOL follow a two-session design. The first session is administered online and consists entirely of the individual-differences battery covering personality traits, cognitive measures, demographics, and, critically, baseline political beliefs on all topics that will later appear as stimulus content in the laboratory. The second session takes place in a controlled laboratory environment and constitutes the main psychophysiological data collection. The two sessions must be completed on separate days, with the online session always preceding the laboratory visit. This separation prevents the self-reflection prompted by personality and political questionnaires from priming participants immediately before physiological recording, while also reducing session length and fatigue. Total laboratory session duration, including sensor mounting and debriefing, should not exceed 90 minutes.

Each stimulus is presented in full, followed immediately by the post-stimulus self-report battery. Stimuli are presented in a randomized order that is unique to each participant. The ordinal position occupied by each stimulus in a given participant's sequence must be logged, stored as part of the dataset, and treated as a control variable in any analysis using the database. This is a requirement, as order effects (habituation, contrast effects, fatigue) are a systematic source of variance in both physiological and self-report outcomes.

Source

Lifted from the EMOPOL manuscript, "International Database of Emotional Responses to Political Communication - Proof-of-concept Study on the Effects of Political Fear Appeals on Emotions of Voters", sections 3.1 and 4.1 to 4.5.

Notes

This project was carried out by bachelor students during a "Leeronderzoek" under the supervision of Prof. Karolien Poels and Dr. Konrad Rudnicki

Metadata

Variables

Every column of the three data tables, with its definition. The data themselves are not published; see the home page for access.

Participant level

participants.csv · one row per participant · 90 variables

VariableDescription
ParticipantPseudonymous participant identifier
AgeParticipant age in years
GenderParticipant gender coded 1 = female and 0 = male
ExtroversionParticipant extraversion score from the Big Five personality battery (BFI-2-S; Soto & John, 2017); sum of six items rated 1-5, range 6-30
AgreeablenessParticipant agreeableness score from the Big Five personality battery (BFI-2-S; Soto & John, 2017); sum of six items rated 1-5, range 6-30
ConscientiousnessParticipant conscientiousness score from the Big Five personality battery (BFI-2-S; Soto & John, 2017); sum of six items rated 1-5, range 6-30
NeuroticismParticipant neuroticism score from the Big Five personality battery (BFI-2-S; Soto & John, 2017); sum of six items rated 1-5, range 6-30
OpennessParticipant openness score from the Big Five personality battery (BFI-2-S; Soto & John, 2017); sum of six items rated 1-5, range 6-30
SVO_angleParticipant Social Value Orientation angle from the Social Value Orientation measure (SVO; Van Lange, 1999), in degrees; higher = more prosocial
LeftRightDSLVParticipant general left-right ideological self-placement score, 0 = left to 10 = right
LeftRight_EconDSLVParticipant economic left-right ideological self-placement score, 0 = left to 10 = right
LeftRight_CultDSLVParticipant cultural left-right ideological self-placement score, 0 = left to 10 = right
AuthoritarianismParticipant authoritarianism score from the Very Short Authoritarianism Scale (VSAS; Bizumic & Duckitt, 2018); six items rated 1-9 with the three counter-worded items reversed, summed, range 6-54
EmpathicConcernParticipant empathic-concern score from the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI, Dutch version; De Corte et al., 2007); sum of seven items rated 1-5, range 7-35
PerspectiveTakingParticipant perspective-taking score from the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI, Dutch version; De Corte et al., 2007); sum of seven items rated 1-5, range 7-35
FantasyParticipant fantasy score from the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI, Dutch version; De Corte et al., 2007); sum of seven items rated 1-5, range 7-35
PersonalDistressParticipant personal-distress score from the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI, Dutch version; De Corte et al., 2007); sum of seven items rated 1-5, range 7-35
NeedForAffectParticipant need-for-affect score from the Need for Affect Questionnaire (NAQ-10; Appel & Richter, 2010); sum of ten items rated 1-7, range 10-70
HandednessSelf-reported handedness: 'Are you left- or right-handed?' (Dutch response labels: Rechtshandig / Linkshandig / Andere)
EducationLevelHighest completed level of education (Dutch response labels as administered)
EmploymentMain occupation or activity (Dutch response labels as administered)
EmploymentOtherFree-text specification given by respondents who selected 'Andere' for Employment
MaritalStatusCurrent marital status (Dutch response labels as administered)
HasChildren'Do you have children?' (Ja / Nee)
HouseholdAdultsNumber of adults (18 and over) in the household, respondent included
HouseholdChildrenNumber of children (under 18) in the household
ProvinceProvince of residence (Dutch response labels as administered)
PostcodeFour-digit postal code of the respondent's main residence
ForeignBornSelfOrParent'Were you, or was at least one of your parents, born abroad?' (Ja / Nee); gates the three country-of-birth items
CountryBirthSelfCountry of birth of the respondent; asked only when ForeignBornSelfOrParent = Ja
CountryBirthFatherCountry of birth of the respondent's father; asked only when ForeignBornSelfOrParent = Ja
CountryBirthMotherCountry of birth of the respondent's mother; asked only when ForeignBornSelfOrParent = Ja
EthnicMinority'Do you belong to an ethnic minority group in Belgium?' (Ja / Nee / Weet ik niet / prefer not to say)
EthnicityDescriptionOpen-ended self-description of ethnicity
HouseholdIncomeNetBanded average net monthly household income from all sources, after tax and social contributions
ReligionReligious or philosophical self-identification (Dutch response labels as administered)
Disability'Do you currently have a (long-term) disability or condition that affects your daily activities, work or study?' (Ja / Nee / prefer not to say)
DisabilityTypeCategory or categories selected by respondents who answered Ja to Disability; comma-separated for multiple selections
SexualOrientationSelf-reported sexual orientation (Dutch response labels as administered)
MFQ_CareCare/Harm score from the Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ-30; Graham et al., 2011); sum of six items recoded 0-5, range 0-30
MFQ_FairnessFairness/Reciprocity score from the Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ-30; Graham et al., 2011); sum of six items recoded 0-5, range 0-30
MFQ_LoyaltyIngroup/Loyalty score from the Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ-30; Graham et al., 2011); sum of six items recoded 0-5, range 0-30
MFQ_AuthorityAuthority/Respect score from the Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ-30; Graham et al., 2011); sum of six items recoded 0-5, range 0-30
MFQ_PurityPurity/Sanctity score from the Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ-30; Graham et al., 2011); sum of six items recoded 0-5, range 0-30
MFQ_CatchRelevanceMFQ-30 attention-check item 'Whether or not someone was good at math', 0 = not at all relevant to 5 = extremely relevant; low values indicate attentive responding
MFQ_CatchJudgmentMFQ-30 attention-check item 'It is better to do good than to do bad', 0 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree; high values indicate attentive responding
MostImportantProblemOpenOpen-ended answer to 'In your own words, what do you think is the biggest problem our country currently faces?'
VoteIssue1First of at most two issues named as most important for the respondent's vote choice if elections were held now
VoteIssue2Second of at most two issues named as most important for the respondent's vote choice if elections were held now
SatisfactionDemocracy'How satisfied are you overall with the way democracy works in Belgium?' 0 = extremely dissatisfied to 10 = extremely satisfied (ESS item); 'don't know' coded missing
EUIntegrationEuropean unification: 0 = has already gone too far to 10 = should go further (ESS item); 'don't know' coded missing
MigrationEconomy'Is it generally bad or good for the Belgian economy that people come to live here from other countries?' 0 = bad to 10 = good (ESS item); 'don't know' coded missing
MigrationCulture'Is cultural life in Belgium generally undermined or enriched by people coming to live here from other countries?' 0 = undermined to 10 = enriched (ESS item); 'don't know' coded missing
MigrationCountry'Has Belgium become a worse or a better place to live because of people coming here from other countries?' 0 = worse to 10 = better (ESS item); 'don't know' coded missing
MarketVsStateSupervisionOrganisation of the economy: 0 = companies should be completely free to do what they want, 10 = the community should supervise companies (ISPO item); 'don't know' coded missing
StateReformState reform: 0 = Flanders and Wallonia should decide everything themselves, 10 = Belgium, Flemings and Walloons together, should decide everything (ISPO item)
ClimateResponsibility'To what extent do you feel personally responsible for trying to reduce climate change?' 0 = not at all responsible to 10 = very responsible (ESS item)
ClimateFossilFuelTaxSupport for raising taxes on fossil fuels such as oil, gas and coal, 1 = strongly in favour to 5 = strongly against (ESS item); 'don't know' coded missing
ClimateRenewableSubsidySupport for using public money to subsidise renewable energy, 1 = strongly in favour to 5 = strongly against (ESS item); 'don't know' coded missing
ClimateApplianceBanSupport for a law banning the sale of the least energy-efficient household appliances, 1 = strongly in favour to 5 = strongly against (ESS item); 'don't know' coded missing
EqualityIncomeRedistribution'The government should take measures to reduce differences in income levels', 1 = agree strongly to 5 = disagree strongly (ESS item); 'don't know' coded missing
EqualitySmallDifferences'For a society to be fair, differences in people's standard of living should be small', 1 = agree strongly to 5 = disagree strongly (ESS item); 'don't know' coded missing
GayFreedomToLive'Gay men and lesbians should be free to live their own life as they wish', 1 = agree strongly to 5 = disagree strongly (ESS item); 'don't know' coded missing
GayFamilyMemberShame'If a close family member was gay or lesbian, I would feel ashamed', 1 = agree strongly to 5 = disagree strongly (ESS item); 'don't know' coded missing
SameSexAdoptionRights'Gay and lesbian couples should have the same rights to adopt children as straight couples', 1 = agree strongly to 5 = disagree strongly (ESS item); 'don't know' coded missing
PublicServicesVsTaxesImproving public services versus cutting taxes: 0 = strongly favours improving public services, 10 = strongly favours cutting taxes (Chapel Hill-style item; Bakker et al., 2015); 'don't know' coded missing
WelfareBurdenEconomy'Social benefits and services in Belgium place too great a strain on the economy', 1 = agree strongly to 5 = disagree strongly (ESS item); 'don't know' coded missing
WelfareCostBusiness'Social benefits and services in Belgium cost businesses too much in taxes and charges', 1 = agree strongly to 5 = disagree strongly (ESS item); 'don't know' coded missing
WelfareMakesLazy'Social benefits and services in Belgium make people lazy', 1 = agree strongly to 5 = disagree strongly (ESS item); 'don't know' coded missing
WelfareReducesCare'Social benefits and services in Belgium make people less willing to care for one another', 1 = agree strongly to 5 = disagree strongly (ESS item); 'don't know' coded missing
StateInterventionEconomyGovernment intervention in the economy: 0 = fully in favour of state intervention, 10 = fully opposed to state intervention (Chapel Hill-style item; Bakker et al., 2015); 'don't know' coded missing
LibertiesVsCrimeControlCivil liberties versus tough measures against crime: 0 = strong preference for civil liberties, 10 = strong preference for tough measures to fight crime (Chapel Hill-style item; Bakker et al., 2015); 'don't know' coded missing
WelfareChauvinism'From when should people who come to live in Belgium from other countries get the same rights to social benefits as Belgians?' (categorical: immediately on arrival / after living here a year regardless of work / only after working and paying taxes for at least a year / once they become citizens / never); 'don't know' coded missing (ESS item)
DirectVsRepresentativeDemocracyWho should take the most important decisions: 0 = the people, for instance through referendums, 10 = elected representatives (Chapel Hill-style item; Bakker et al., 2015); 'don't know' coded missing
VoteChoice2024Party voted for at the federal election of June 2024
PartisanIdentity'I feel that the political party I prefer is an important part of who I am', 1 = strongly disagree to 7 = strongly agree
PTV_NVAPropensity to vote: 'How likely is it that you would ever vote for this party?' for N-VA, 0 = not at all likely to 10 = very likely
PTV_VlaamsBelangPropensity to vote for Vlaams Belang, 0 = not at all likely to 10 = very likely
PTV_CDVPropensity to vote for CD&V, 0 = not at all likely to 10 = very likely
PTV_OpenVLDPropensity to vote for Open VLD, 0 = not at all likely to 10 = very likely
PTV_VooruitPropensity to vote for Vooruit, 0 = not at all likely to 10 = very likely
PTV_GroenPropensity to vote for Groen, 0 = not at all likely to 10 = very likely
PTV_PVDAPropensity to vote for PVDA, 0 = not at all likely to 10 = very likely
Thermometer_NVAFeeling thermometer towards N-VA voters, 0 = very cold (negative) to 10 = very warm (positive)
Thermometer_VlaamsBelangFeeling thermometer towards Vlaams Belang voters, 0 = very cold (negative) to 10 = very warm (positive)
Thermometer_CDVFeeling thermometer towards CD&V voters, 0 = very cold (negative) to 10 = very warm (positive)
Thermometer_OpenVLDFeeling thermometer towards Open VLD voters, 0 = very cold (negative) to 10 = very warm (positive)
Thermometer_VooruitFeeling thermometer towards Vooruit voters, 0 = very cold (negative) to 10 = very warm (positive)
Thermometer_GroenFeeling thermometer towards Groen voters, 0 = very cold (negative) to 10 = very warm (positive)
Thermometer_PVDAFeeling thermometer towards PVDA voters, 0 = very cold (negative) to 10 = very warm (positive)

Clip level

clips.csv · one row per stimulus · 25 variables

VariableDescription
ClipIDUnique political clip identifier
ClipLengthClip duration in seconds
HighFearBinary clip condition coded 1 = fear and 0 = no fear
MediaFilenameMP4 filename for the clip
FemalePoliticianBinary speaker-sex indicator coded 1 = female and 0 = male
PartyPolitical party of the speaker
PoliticianName of the politician speaking
URLOriginal online source URL
PostDateDate the clip was posted online, DD/MM/YYYY
ScrapeDateDate the clip metadata was collected, DD/MM/YYYY
MediumOnline medium hosting the clip
LikesNumber of likes at collection
CommentsNumber of comments at collection
SharesNumber of shares at collection
ViewsNumber of views at collection
MeanJudgeArousalMean rating of the clip's arousal by eleven independent judges who rated every candidate clip before the study, on a nine-point scale, 1 = lowest to 9 = highest
SDJudgeArousalStandard deviation of the eleven judges' arousal ratings of the clip, in points of the nine-point scale
MeanJudgeValenceMean rating of the clip's valence by eleven independent judges who rated every candidate clip before the study, on a nine-point scale, 1 = lowest to 9 = highest
SDJudgeValenceStandard deviation of the eleven judges' valence ratings of the clip, in points of the nine-point scale
MeanJudgeFearMean rating of the clip's fear by eleven independent judges who rated every candidate clip before the study, on a nine-point scale, 1 = lowest to 9 = highest
SDJudgeFearStandard deviation of the eleven judges' fear ratings of the clip, in points of the nine-point scale
MeanJudgeHopeMean rating of the clip's hope by eleven independent judges who rated every candidate clip before the study, on a nine-point scale, 1 = lowest to 9 = highest
SDJudgeHopeStandard deviation of the eleven judges' hope ratings of the clip, in points of the nine-point scale
MeanScreenLuminanceMean luminance of the screen while the clip played, 0 = black to 1 = white. Every frame of the clip was converted to greyscale (the luma of its 8-bit RGB values, scaled to 0-1) and averaged over its pixels; the frame means were averaged over the clip; and because clips were shown at their native size on a 1920 x 1080 display against PsychoPy's default mid-grey background, the clip mean was weighted by the share of the screen the clip occupied and the background luminance of 0.5 by the remainder. Pupil diameter responds to display brightness independently of message content.
PoliticalBeliefItemThe statement participants rated on a visual analogue scale from 0 to 100 immediately before the study (PoliticalbeliefPrior) and again straight after this clip (PoliticalBeliefResponse); the difference is PoliticalbeliefChange. Taken from the chapellitem field of the PsychoPy logs.

Trial level

trials.csv · one row per participant per stimulus · 76 variables

VariableDescription
ParticipantPseudonymous participant identifier
ClipOrderPresentation order of the clip for the participant, 1 = first to 28 = last
ClipIDUnique political clip identifier
ArousalResponseParticipant arousal rating after the clip (VAS - 1-100, with nine pictorial anchors from Bradley & Lang, 1994)
ArousalRTReaction time for the arousal rating, in seconds
ValenceResponseParticipant valence rating after the clip (VAS - 1-100, with nine pictorial anchors from Bradley & Lang, 1994)
ValenceRTReaction time for the valence rating, in seconds
AgreementResponseParticipant agreement rating after the clip (VAS - 1-100)
AgreementRTReaction time for the agreement rating, in seconds
SalienceResponseParticipant salience rating after the clip (VAS - 1-100)
SalienceRTReaction time for the salience rating, in seconds
PersuasivenessResponseParticipant persuasiveness rating after the clip (VAS - 1-100)
PersuasivenessRTReaction time for the persuasiveness rating, in seconds
AuthenticityResponseParticipant authenticity rating after the clip (VAS - 1-100)
AuthenticityRTReaction time for the authenticity rating, in seconds
FamiliarityResponseParticipant familiarity rating after the clip, 1 = not familiar to 5 = very familiar
FamiliarityRTReaction time for the familiarity rating, in seconds
PoliticalBeliefResponseParticipant political-belief rating after the clip (the clip-specific question) (VAS - 1-100)
PoliticalBeliefRTReaction time for the political-belief rating, in seconds
EmotionSelfReportParticipant's open-ended written emotion report
PhasicEDAPhasic skin conductance over the clip, in µS. The 500 Hz skin-conductance recording of the trial (BIOPAC BioNomadix, wet electrodes on the palm of the non-dominant hand) was downsampled to 32 Hz in Ledalab and decomposed by continuous decomposition analysis (Benedek & Kaernbach, 2010) into a tonic component and a phasic driver, with the tau parameters of the impulse response optimised automatically by Ledalab and a minimum response amplitude of 0.1 µS. The value is the mean of the phasic driver over the clip (Ledalab's CDA.SCR); it indexes discrete sympathetic responses during the clip, disregards the slowly changing level of skin conductance, and, being an average, does not grow with clip length.
TonicEDATonic skin conductance level over the clip, in µS. The 500 Hz skin-conductance recording of the trial (BIOPAC BioNomadix, wet electrodes on the palm of the non-dominant hand) was downsampled to 32 Hz in Ledalab and decomposed by continuous decomposition analysis (Benedek & Kaernbach, 2010) into a tonic component and a phasic driver, with the tau parameters of the impulse response optimised automatically by Ledalab and a minimum response amplitude of 0.1 µS. The value is the mean of the tonic component over the clip (Ledalab's CDA.Tonic); it indexes the participant's general level of sympathetic activity, which changes too slowly to differ between clips of one to two minutes.
AlphaAsymmetryFrontal alpha asymmetry: log10 of Alpha_F4 minus log10 of Alpha_F3, the absolute alpha-band (8-12 Hz) powers at the right and left frontal sites computed for this trial (Reznik & Allen, 2018). Dimensionless, a difference of log10 µV² values. Positive values mean more alpha on the right than on the left, that is relatively greater left-hemispheric activation, read as a balance tilted towards approach rather than avoidance motivation.
Alpha_CzAbsolute EEG power in the alpha band (8-12 Hz) at Cz (central midline, 10-20 system) over the clip, in µV². Computed from the raw EEG recording of the trial (Enobio 8, 500 Hz): a 50 Hz notch filter (Q = 30) and a fourth-order Butterworth band-pass filter of 0.5-40 Hz were applied, both zero-phase; ocular artefacts were removed by regressing the channel on the demeaned EOG channel and subtracting the fit; the power spectral density was estimated by Welch's method with 2-second Hann windows and 50% overlap; and the band power is the trapezoidal integral of the density over 8-12 Hz. No trials were rejected.
Alpha_F3Absolute EEG power in the alpha band (8-12 Hz) at F3 (left frontal, 10-20 system) over the clip, in µV². Computed from the raw EEG recording of the trial (Enobio 8, 500 Hz): a 50 Hz notch filter (Q = 30) and a fourth-order Butterworth band-pass filter of 0.5-40 Hz were applied, both zero-phase; ocular artefacts were removed by regressing the channel on the demeaned EOG channel and subtracting the fit; the power spectral density was estimated by Welch's method with 2-second Hann windows and 50% overlap; and the band power is the trapezoidal integral of the density over 8-12 Hz. No trials were rejected.
Alpha_F4Absolute EEG power in the alpha band (8-12 Hz) at F4 (right frontal, 10-20 system) over the clip, in µV². Computed from the raw EEG recording of the trial (Enobio 8, 500 Hz): a 50 Hz notch filter (Q = 30) and a fourth-order Butterworth band-pass filter of 0.5-40 Hz were applied, both zero-phase; ocular artefacts were removed by regressing the channel on the demeaned EOG channel and subtracting the fit; the power spectral density was estimated by Welch's method with 2-second Hann windows and 50% overlap; and the band power is the trapezoidal integral of the density over 8-12 Hz. No trials were rejected.
Alpha_FzAbsolute EEG power in the alpha band (8-12 Hz) at Fz (frontal midline, 10-20 system) over the clip, in µV². Computed from the raw EEG recording of the trial (Enobio 8, 500 Hz): a 50 Hz notch filter (Q = 30) and a fourth-order Butterworth band-pass filter of 0.5-40 Hz were applied, both zero-phase; ocular artefacts were removed by regressing the channel on the demeaned EOG channel and subtracting the fit; the power spectral density was estimated by Welch's method with 2-second Hann windows and 50% overlap; and the band power is the trapezoidal integral of the density over 8-12 Hz. No trials were rejected.
Alpha_P3Absolute EEG power in the alpha band (8-12 Hz) at P3 (left parietal, 10-20 system) over the clip, in µV². Computed from the raw EEG recording of the trial (Enobio 8, 500 Hz): a 50 Hz notch filter (Q = 30) and a fourth-order Butterworth band-pass filter of 0.5-40 Hz were applied, both zero-phase; ocular artefacts were removed by regressing the channel on the demeaned EOG channel and subtracting the fit; the power spectral density was estimated by Welch's method with 2-second Hann windows and 50% overlap; and the band power is the trapezoidal integral of the density over 8-12 Hz. No trials were rejected.
Alpha_P4Absolute EEG power in the alpha band (8-12 Hz) at P4 (right parietal, 10-20 system) over the clip, in µV². Computed from the raw EEG recording of the trial (Enobio 8, 500 Hz): a 50 Hz notch filter (Q = 30) and a fourth-order Butterworth band-pass filter of 0.5-40 Hz were applied, both zero-phase; ocular artefacts were removed by regressing the channel on the demeaned EOG channel and subtracting the fit; the power spectral density was estimated by Welch's method with 2-second Hann windows and 50% overlap; and the band power is the trapezoidal integral of the density over 8-12 Hz. No trials were rejected.
Alpha_PzAbsolute EEG power in the alpha band (8-12 Hz) at Pz (parietal midline, 10-20 system) over the clip, in µV². Computed from the raw EEG recording of the trial (Enobio 8, 500 Hz): a 50 Hz notch filter (Q = 30) and a fourth-order Butterworth band-pass filter of 0.5-40 Hz were applied, both zero-phase; ocular artefacts were removed by regressing the channel on the demeaned EOG channel and subtracting the fit; the power spectral density was estimated by Welch's method with 2-second Hann windows and 50% overlap; and the band power is the trapezoidal integral of the density over 8-12 Hz. No trials were rejected.
Beta_CzAbsolute EEG power in the beta band (13-30 Hz) at Cz (central midline, 10-20 system) over the clip, in µV². Computed from the raw EEG recording of the trial (Enobio 8, 500 Hz): a 50 Hz notch filter (Q = 30) and a fourth-order Butterworth band-pass filter of 0.5-40 Hz were applied, both zero-phase; ocular artefacts were removed by regressing the channel on the demeaned EOG channel and subtracting the fit; the power spectral density was estimated by Welch's method with 2-second Hann windows and 50% overlap; and the band power is the trapezoidal integral of the density over 13-30 Hz. No trials were rejected.
Beta_F3Absolute EEG power in the beta band (13-30 Hz) at F3 (left frontal, 10-20 system) over the clip, in µV². Computed from the raw EEG recording of the trial (Enobio 8, 500 Hz): a 50 Hz notch filter (Q = 30) and a fourth-order Butterworth band-pass filter of 0.5-40 Hz were applied, both zero-phase; ocular artefacts were removed by regressing the channel on the demeaned EOG channel and subtracting the fit; the power spectral density was estimated by Welch's method with 2-second Hann windows and 50% overlap; and the band power is the trapezoidal integral of the density over 13-30 Hz. No trials were rejected.
Beta_F4Absolute EEG power in the beta band (13-30 Hz) at F4 (right frontal, 10-20 system) over the clip, in µV². Computed from the raw EEG recording of the trial (Enobio 8, 500 Hz): a 50 Hz notch filter (Q = 30) and a fourth-order Butterworth band-pass filter of 0.5-40 Hz were applied, both zero-phase; ocular artefacts were removed by regressing the channel on the demeaned EOG channel and subtracting the fit; the power spectral density was estimated by Welch's method with 2-second Hann windows and 50% overlap; and the band power is the trapezoidal integral of the density over 13-30 Hz. No trials were rejected.
Beta_FzAbsolute EEG power in the beta band (13-30 Hz) at Fz (frontal midline, 10-20 system) over the clip, in µV². Computed from the raw EEG recording of the trial (Enobio 8, 500 Hz): a 50 Hz notch filter (Q = 30) and a fourth-order Butterworth band-pass filter of 0.5-40 Hz were applied, both zero-phase; ocular artefacts were removed by regressing the channel on the demeaned EOG channel and subtracting the fit; the power spectral density was estimated by Welch's method with 2-second Hann windows and 50% overlap; and the band power is the trapezoidal integral of the density over 13-30 Hz. No trials were rejected.
Beta_P3Absolute EEG power in the beta band (13-30 Hz) at P3 (left parietal, 10-20 system) over the clip, in µV². Computed from the raw EEG recording of the trial (Enobio 8, 500 Hz): a 50 Hz notch filter (Q = 30) and a fourth-order Butterworth band-pass filter of 0.5-40 Hz were applied, both zero-phase; ocular artefacts were removed by regressing the channel on the demeaned EOG channel and subtracting the fit; the power spectral density was estimated by Welch's method with 2-second Hann windows and 50% overlap; and the band power is the trapezoidal integral of the density over 13-30 Hz. No trials were rejected.
Beta_P4Absolute EEG power in the beta band (13-30 Hz) at P4 (right parietal, 10-20 system) over the clip, in µV². Computed from the raw EEG recording of the trial (Enobio 8, 500 Hz): a 50 Hz notch filter (Q = 30) and a fourth-order Butterworth band-pass filter of 0.5-40 Hz were applied, both zero-phase; ocular artefacts were removed by regressing the channel on the demeaned EOG channel and subtracting the fit; the power spectral density was estimated by Welch's method with 2-second Hann windows and 50% overlap; and the band power is the trapezoidal integral of the density over 13-30 Hz. No trials were rejected.
Beta_PzAbsolute EEG power in the beta band (13-30 Hz) at Pz (parietal midline, 10-20 system) over the clip, in µV². Computed from the raw EEG recording of the trial (Enobio 8, 500 Hz): a 50 Hz notch filter (Q = 30) and a fourth-order Butterworth band-pass filter of 0.5-40 Hz were applied, both zero-phase; ocular artefacts were removed by regressing the channel on the demeaned EOG channel and subtracting the fit; the power spectral density was estimated by Welch's method with 2-second Hann windows and 50% overlap; and the band power is the trapezoidal integral of the density over 13-30 Hz. No trials were rejected.
Delta_CzAbsolute EEG power in the delta band (1-3 Hz) at Cz (central midline, 10-20 system) over the clip, in µV². Computed from the raw EEG recording of the trial (Enobio 8, 500 Hz): a 50 Hz notch filter (Q = 30) and a fourth-order Butterworth band-pass filter of 0.5-40 Hz were applied, both zero-phase; ocular artefacts were removed by regressing the channel on the demeaned EOG channel and subtracting the fit; the power spectral density was estimated by Welch's method with 2-second Hann windows and 50% overlap; and the band power is the trapezoidal integral of the density over 1-3 Hz. No trials were rejected.
Delta_F3Absolute EEG power in the delta band (1-3 Hz) at F3 (left frontal, 10-20 system) over the clip, in µV². Computed from the raw EEG recording of the trial (Enobio 8, 500 Hz): a 50 Hz notch filter (Q = 30) and a fourth-order Butterworth band-pass filter of 0.5-40 Hz were applied, both zero-phase; ocular artefacts were removed by regressing the channel on the demeaned EOG channel and subtracting the fit; the power spectral density was estimated by Welch's method with 2-second Hann windows and 50% overlap; and the band power is the trapezoidal integral of the density over 1-3 Hz. No trials were rejected.
Delta_F4Absolute EEG power in the delta band (1-3 Hz) at F4 (right frontal, 10-20 system) over the clip, in µV². Computed from the raw EEG recording of the trial (Enobio 8, 500 Hz): a 50 Hz notch filter (Q = 30) and a fourth-order Butterworth band-pass filter of 0.5-40 Hz were applied, both zero-phase; ocular artefacts were removed by regressing the channel on the demeaned EOG channel and subtracting the fit; the power spectral density was estimated by Welch's method with 2-second Hann windows and 50% overlap; and the band power is the trapezoidal integral of the density over 1-3 Hz. No trials were rejected.
Delta_FzAbsolute EEG power in the delta band (1-3 Hz) at Fz (frontal midline, 10-20 system) over the clip, in µV². Computed from the raw EEG recording of the trial (Enobio 8, 500 Hz): a 50 Hz notch filter (Q = 30) and a fourth-order Butterworth band-pass filter of 0.5-40 Hz were applied, both zero-phase; ocular artefacts were removed by regressing the channel on the demeaned EOG channel and subtracting the fit; the power spectral density was estimated by Welch's method with 2-second Hann windows and 50% overlap; and the band power is the trapezoidal integral of the density over 1-3 Hz. No trials were rejected.
Delta_P3Absolute EEG power in the delta band (1-3 Hz) at P3 (left parietal, 10-20 system) over the clip, in µV². Computed from the raw EEG recording of the trial (Enobio 8, 500 Hz): a 50 Hz notch filter (Q = 30) and a fourth-order Butterworth band-pass filter of 0.5-40 Hz were applied, both zero-phase; ocular artefacts were removed by regressing the channel on the demeaned EOG channel and subtracting the fit; the power spectral density was estimated by Welch's method with 2-second Hann windows and 50% overlap; and the band power is the trapezoidal integral of the density over 1-3 Hz. No trials were rejected.
Delta_P4Absolute EEG power in the delta band (1-3 Hz) at P4 (right parietal, 10-20 system) over the clip, in µV². Computed from the raw EEG recording of the trial (Enobio 8, 500 Hz): a 50 Hz notch filter (Q = 30) and a fourth-order Butterworth band-pass filter of 0.5-40 Hz were applied, both zero-phase; ocular artefacts were removed by regressing the channel on the demeaned EOG channel and subtracting the fit; the power spectral density was estimated by Welch's method with 2-second Hann windows and 50% overlap; and the band power is the trapezoidal integral of the density over 1-3 Hz. No trials were rejected.
Delta_PzAbsolute EEG power in the delta band (1-3 Hz) at Pz (parietal midline, 10-20 system) over the clip, in µV². Computed from the raw EEG recording of the trial (Enobio 8, 500 Hz): a 50 Hz notch filter (Q = 30) and a fourth-order Butterworth band-pass filter of 0.5-40 Hz were applied, both zero-phase; ocular artefacts were removed by regressing the channel on the demeaned EOG channel and subtracting the fit; the power spectral density was estimated by Welch's method with 2-second Hann windows and 50% overlap; and the band power is the trapezoidal integral of the density over 1-3 Hz. No trials were rejected.
LowGamma_CzAbsolute EEG power in the low-gamma band (30-40 Hz) at Cz (central midline, 10-20 system) over the clip, in µV². Computed from the raw EEG recording of the trial (Enobio 8, 500 Hz): a 50 Hz notch filter (Q = 30) and a fourth-order Butterworth band-pass filter of 0.5-40 Hz were applied, both zero-phase; ocular artefacts were removed by regressing the channel on the demeaned EOG channel and subtracting the fit; the power spectral density was estimated by Welch's method with 2-second Hann windows and 50% overlap; and the band power is the trapezoidal integral of the density over 30-40 Hz. No trials were rejected.
LowGamma_F3Absolute EEG power in the low-gamma band (30-40 Hz) at F3 (left frontal, 10-20 system) over the clip, in µV². Computed from the raw EEG recording of the trial (Enobio 8, 500 Hz): a 50 Hz notch filter (Q = 30) and a fourth-order Butterworth band-pass filter of 0.5-40 Hz were applied, both zero-phase; ocular artefacts were removed by regressing the channel on the demeaned EOG channel and subtracting the fit; the power spectral density was estimated by Welch's method with 2-second Hann windows and 50% overlap; and the band power is the trapezoidal integral of the density over 30-40 Hz. No trials were rejected.
LowGamma_F4Absolute EEG power in the low-gamma band (30-40 Hz) at F4 (right frontal, 10-20 system) over the clip, in µV². Computed from the raw EEG recording of the trial (Enobio 8, 500 Hz): a 50 Hz notch filter (Q = 30) and a fourth-order Butterworth band-pass filter of 0.5-40 Hz were applied, both zero-phase; ocular artefacts were removed by regressing the channel on the demeaned EOG channel and subtracting the fit; the power spectral density was estimated by Welch's method with 2-second Hann windows and 50% overlap; and the band power is the trapezoidal integral of the density over 30-40 Hz. No trials were rejected.
LowGamma_FzAbsolute EEG power in the low-gamma band (30-40 Hz) at Fz (frontal midline, 10-20 system) over the clip, in µV². Computed from the raw EEG recording of the trial (Enobio 8, 500 Hz): a 50 Hz notch filter (Q = 30) and a fourth-order Butterworth band-pass filter of 0.5-40 Hz were applied, both zero-phase; ocular artefacts were removed by regressing the channel on the demeaned EOG channel and subtracting the fit; the power spectral density was estimated by Welch's method with 2-second Hann windows and 50% overlap; and the band power is the trapezoidal integral of the density over 30-40 Hz. No trials were rejected.
LowGamma_P3Absolute EEG power in the low-gamma band (30-40 Hz) at P3 (left parietal, 10-20 system) over the clip, in µV². Computed from the raw EEG recording of the trial (Enobio 8, 500 Hz): a 50 Hz notch filter (Q = 30) and a fourth-order Butterworth band-pass filter of 0.5-40 Hz were applied, both zero-phase; ocular artefacts were removed by regressing the channel on the demeaned EOG channel and subtracting the fit; the power spectral density was estimated by Welch's method with 2-second Hann windows and 50% overlap; and the band power is the trapezoidal integral of the density over 30-40 Hz. No trials were rejected.
LowGamma_P4Absolute EEG power in the low-gamma band (30-40 Hz) at P4 (right parietal, 10-20 system) over the clip, in µV². Computed from the raw EEG recording of the trial (Enobio 8, 500 Hz): a 50 Hz notch filter (Q = 30) and a fourth-order Butterworth band-pass filter of 0.5-40 Hz were applied, both zero-phase; ocular artefacts were removed by regressing the channel on the demeaned EOG channel and subtracting the fit; the power spectral density was estimated by Welch's method with 2-second Hann windows and 50% overlap; and the band power is the trapezoidal integral of the density over 30-40 Hz. No trials were rejected.
LowGamma_PzAbsolute EEG power in the low-gamma band (30-40 Hz) at Pz (parietal midline, 10-20 system) over the clip, in µV². Computed from the raw EEG recording of the trial (Enobio 8, 500 Hz): a 50 Hz notch filter (Q = 30) and a fourth-order Butterworth band-pass filter of 0.5-40 Hz were applied, both zero-phase; ocular artefacts were removed by regressing the channel on the demeaned EOG channel and subtracting the fit; the power spectral density was estimated by Welch's method with 2-second Hann windows and 50% overlap; and the band power is the trapezoidal integral of the density over 30-40 Hz. No trials were rejected.
Theta_CzAbsolute EEG power in the theta band (4-7 Hz) at Cz (central midline, 10-20 system) over the clip, in µV². Computed from the raw EEG recording of the trial (Enobio 8, 500 Hz): a 50 Hz notch filter (Q = 30) and a fourth-order Butterworth band-pass filter of 0.5-40 Hz were applied, both zero-phase; ocular artefacts were removed by regressing the channel on the demeaned EOG channel and subtracting the fit; the power spectral density was estimated by Welch's method with 2-second Hann windows and 50% overlap; and the band power is the trapezoidal integral of the density over 4-7 Hz. No trials were rejected.
Theta_F3Absolute EEG power in the theta band (4-7 Hz) at F3 (left frontal, 10-20 system) over the clip, in µV². Computed from the raw EEG recording of the trial (Enobio 8, 500 Hz): a 50 Hz notch filter (Q = 30) and a fourth-order Butterworth band-pass filter of 0.5-40 Hz were applied, both zero-phase; ocular artefacts were removed by regressing the channel on the demeaned EOG channel and subtracting the fit; the power spectral density was estimated by Welch's method with 2-second Hann windows and 50% overlap; and the band power is the trapezoidal integral of the density over 4-7 Hz. No trials were rejected.
Theta_F4Absolute EEG power in the theta band (4-7 Hz) at F4 (right frontal, 10-20 system) over the clip, in µV². Computed from the raw EEG recording of the trial (Enobio 8, 500 Hz): a 50 Hz notch filter (Q = 30) and a fourth-order Butterworth band-pass filter of 0.5-40 Hz were applied, both zero-phase; ocular artefacts were removed by regressing the channel on the demeaned EOG channel and subtracting the fit; the power spectral density was estimated by Welch's method with 2-second Hann windows and 50% overlap; and the band power is the trapezoidal integral of the density over 4-7 Hz. No trials were rejected.
Theta_FzAbsolute EEG power in the theta band (4-7 Hz) at Fz (frontal midline, 10-20 system) over the clip, in µV². Computed from the raw EEG recording of the trial (Enobio 8, 500 Hz): a 50 Hz notch filter (Q = 30) and a fourth-order Butterworth band-pass filter of 0.5-40 Hz were applied, both zero-phase; ocular artefacts were removed by regressing the channel on the demeaned EOG channel and subtracting the fit; the power spectral density was estimated by Welch's method with 2-second Hann windows and 50% overlap; and the band power is the trapezoidal integral of the density over 4-7 Hz. No trials were rejected.
Theta_P3Absolute EEG power in the theta band (4-7 Hz) at P3 (left parietal, 10-20 system) over the clip, in µV². Computed from the raw EEG recording of the trial (Enobio 8, 500 Hz): a 50 Hz notch filter (Q = 30) and a fourth-order Butterworth band-pass filter of 0.5-40 Hz were applied, both zero-phase; ocular artefacts were removed by regressing the channel on the demeaned EOG channel and subtracting the fit; the power spectral density was estimated by Welch's method with 2-second Hann windows and 50% overlap; and the band power is the trapezoidal integral of the density over 4-7 Hz. No trials were rejected.
Theta_P4Absolute EEG power in the theta band (4-7 Hz) at P4 (right parietal, 10-20 system) over the clip, in µV². Computed from the raw EEG recording of the trial (Enobio 8, 500 Hz): a 50 Hz notch filter (Q = 30) and a fourth-order Butterworth band-pass filter of 0.5-40 Hz were applied, both zero-phase; ocular artefacts were removed by regressing the channel on the demeaned EOG channel and subtracting the fit; the power spectral density was estimated by Welch's method with 2-second Hann windows and 50% overlap; and the band power is the trapezoidal integral of the density over 4-7 Hz. No trials were rejected.
Theta_PzAbsolute EEG power in the theta band (4-7 Hz) at Pz (parietal midline, 10-20 system) over the clip, in µV². Computed from the raw EEG recording of the trial (Enobio 8, 500 Hz): a 50 Hz notch filter (Q = 30) and a fourth-order Butterworth band-pass filter of 0.5-40 Hz were applied, both zero-phase; ocular artefacts were removed by regressing the channel on the demeaned EOG channel and subtracting the fit; the power spectral density was estimated by Welch's method with 2-second Hann windows and 50% overlap; and the band power is the trapezoidal integral of the density over 4-7 Hz. No trials were rejected.
PoliticalbeliefPriorPolitical belief rating given upon registration (the clip-specific question) (VAS - 0-100)
PoliticalbeliefChangeDifference in political belief rating between the experiment and the registration (the clip-specific question) (Prior value substracted from Experiment value), in VAS points, -100 to 100
PoliticalbeliefStrengthStrength of the prior political belief regardless of direction: absolute distance of PoliticalbeliefPrior from the scale midpoint of 50 in VAS points (0 = neutral, 50 = extreme, on the VAS 0-100)
HRMean heart rate during the clip, in beats per minute. The 500 Hz PPG recording of the trial (BIOPAC BioNomadix clamp sensor on the index finger of the non-dominant hand) was analysed in Kubios HRV Scientific 4.2.0 with the clip as one analysis sample: pulse peaks were detected and converted to inter-beat intervals, artefactual beats were corrected with Kubios's automatic correction, and the mean rate was computed from the non-detrended intervals.
RMSSDHeart rate variability during the clip: the root mean square of successive differences between adjacent inter-beat intervals, in seconds. The 500 Hz PPG recording of the trial (BIOPAC BioNomadix clamp sensor on the index finger of the non-dominant hand) was analysed in Kubios HRV Scientific 4.2.0 with the clip as one analysis sample: pulse peaks were detected and converted to inter-beat intervals, artefactual beats were corrected with Kubios's automatic correction, and the very-low-frequency trend was removed with the smoothness-priors method. Kubios reports the value in milliseconds; it is archived divided by 1000. Indexes parasympathetic activity, read in this context as the capacity for emotional self-regulation.
MeanPupilDiameterMean pupil diameter over the clip in millimetres, averaged across both eyes. The 60 Hz Tobii Pro Spark recording of the trial was processed per eye following Kret and Sjak-Shie (2019): samples outside 1.5-9 mm were removed; dilation-speed outliers (median + 16 median absolute deviations), which mark the edges of blinks, were removed; the two eyes were combined by averaging whichever samples remained valid; gaps up to 250 ms were linearly interpolated; and a trial with fewer than 50% valid samples after these steps was left empty. The value is the mean of the reconstructed trace. Not baseline-corrected: the recordings run from clip onset to clip offset and contain no pre-clip period.
ThetaBetaRatio_CzTheta/beta ratio at Cz (central midline, 10-20 system): Theta_Cz divided by Beta_Cz, the absolute theta-band (4-7 Hz) and beta-band (13-30 Hz) powers at Cz computed for this trial. Dimensionless. Higher values mean relatively more slow-wave than fast-wave activity, read as a balance tilted from effortful, deliberative processing towards affective engagement and emotional regulation (Putman et al., 2014; Angelidis et al., 2018).
ThetaBetaRatio_F3Theta/beta ratio at F3 (left frontal, 10-20 system): Theta_F3 divided by Beta_F3, the absolute theta-band (4-7 Hz) and beta-band (13-30 Hz) powers at F3 computed for this trial. Dimensionless. Higher values mean relatively more slow-wave than fast-wave activity, read as a balance tilted from effortful, deliberative processing towards affective engagement and emotional regulation (Putman et al., 2014; Angelidis et al., 2018).
ThetaBetaRatio_F4Theta/beta ratio at F4 (right frontal, 10-20 system): Theta_F4 divided by Beta_F4, the absolute theta-band (4-7 Hz) and beta-band (13-30 Hz) powers at F4 computed for this trial. Dimensionless. Higher values mean relatively more slow-wave than fast-wave activity, read as a balance tilted from effortful, deliberative processing towards affective engagement and emotional regulation (Putman et al., 2014; Angelidis et al., 2018).
ThetaBetaRatio_FzTheta/beta ratio at Fz (frontal midline, 10-20 system): Theta_Fz divided by Beta_Fz, the absolute theta-band (4-7 Hz) and beta-band (13-30 Hz) powers at Fz computed for this trial. Dimensionless. Higher values mean relatively more slow-wave than fast-wave activity, read as a balance tilted from effortful, deliberative processing towards affective engagement and emotional regulation (Putman et al., 2014; Angelidis et al., 2018).
ThetaBetaRatio_P3Theta/beta ratio at P3 (left parietal, 10-20 system): Theta_P3 divided by Beta_P3, the absolute theta-band (4-7 Hz) and beta-band (13-30 Hz) powers at P3 computed for this trial. Dimensionless. Higher values mean relatively more slow-wave than fast-wave activity, read as a balance tilted from effortful, deliberative processing towards affective engagement and emotional regulation (Putman et al., 2014; Angelidis et al., 2018).
ThetaBetaRatio_P4Theta/beta ratio at P4 (right parietal, 10-20 system): Theta_P4 divided by Beta_P4, the absolute theta-band (4-7 Hz) and beta-band (13-30 Hz) powers at P4 computed for this trial. Dimensionless. Higher values mean relatively more slow-wave than fast-wave activity, read as a balance tilted from effortful, deliberative processing towards affective engagement and emotional regulation (Putman et al., 2014; Angelidis et al., 2018).
ThetaBetaRatio_PzTheta/beta ratio at Pz (parietal midline, 10-20 system): Theta_Pz divided by Beta_Pz, the absolute theta-band (4-7 Hz) and beta-band (13-30 Hz) powers at Pz computed for this trial. Dimensionless. Higher values mean relatively more slow-wave than fast-wave activity, read as a balance tilted from effortful, deliberative processing towards affective engagement and emotional regulation (Putman et al., 2014; Angelidis et al., 2018).
NRC_AngerAnger intensity of the participant's open-ended emotion report (EmotionSelfReport), scored with the Dutch term list of the NRC Emotion Intensity Lexicon (NRC-EIL; Mohammad, 2018). The response text and its lemmas, obtained with spaCy's nl_core_news_lg model, were matched against the lexicon's anger terms and the intensities of the matched terms (each 0-1) summed, so 0 means no anger term was found and values above 1 mean several were. Dimensionless. Empty where the participant wrote nothing.
NRC_FearFear intensity of the participant's open-ended emotion report (EmotionSelfReport), scored with the Dutch term list of the NRC Emotion Intensity Lexicon (NRC-EIL; Mohammad, 2018). The response text and its lemmas, obtained with spaCy's nl_core_news_lg model, were matched against the lexicon's fear terms and the intensities of the matched terms (each 0-1) summed, so 0 means no fear term was found and values above 1 mean several were. Dimensionless. Empty where the participant wrote nothing.
NRC_JoyJoy intensity of the participant's open-ended emotion report (EmotionSelfReport), scored with the Dutch term list of the NRC Emotion Intensity Lexicon (NRC-EIL; Mohammad, 2018). The response text and its lemmas, obtained with spaCy's nl_core_news_lg model, were matched against the lexicon's joy terms and the intensities of the matched terms (each 0-1) summed, so 0 means no joy term was found and values above 1 mean several were. Dimensionless. Empty where the participant wrote nothing.
NRC_SadnessSadness intensity of the participant's open-ended emotion report (EmotionSelfReport), scored with the Dutch term list of the NRC Emotion Intensity Lexicon (NRC-EIL; Mohammad, 2018). The response text and its lemmas, obtained with spaCy's nl_core_news_lg model, were matched against the lexicon's sadness terms and the intensities of the matched terms (each 0-1) summed, so 0 means no sadness term was found and values above 1 mean several were. Dimensionless. Empty where the participant wrote nothing.
EngagementIndexFzEngagement index at Fz (frontal midline, 10-20 system): Beta_Fz divided by the sum of Alpha_Fz and Theta_Fz, the absolute beta-band (13-30 Hz), alpha-band (8-12 Hz) and theta-band (4-7 Hz) powers at Fz computed for this trial (Pope, Bogart & Bartolome, 1995). Dimensionless. Higher values mean relatively more fast-wave than slow-wave activity, read as a higher level of task engagement and alertness during the clip. Empty where the EEG of the trial is missing.
Raw signals

Recordings

What was recorded during each trial and how it is stored. One plain-text file per participant per clip, tab-separated, with a time column in seconds on the session clock followed by one column per channel. The figures below are counts over the whole study; no recording is published.

Electrodermal activity EDA

1,416 recordings covering 56 participants and 28 clips · 80% of trials · 500 Hz · typical recording 49.3 s

Skin conductance recorded during clip playback at 500 Hz with a BIOPAC BioNomadix wireless transmitter and an MP160 acquisition unit under AcqKnowledge 5.0.10, through wet electrodes on the palm of the non-dominant hand, in microsiemens; the phasic and tonic components in trials.csv were derived from these files

ChannelDescription
EDASkin conductance level, in µS

File layout · eda/raw/Participant<n>_Clip<n>_EDA.txt

time	EDA
0.0000	…
0.0020	…

Photoplethysmogram PPG

1,721 recordings covering 63 participants and 28 clips · 98% of trials · 500 Hz · typical recording 49.2 s

Photoplethysmogram (blood volume pulse) recorded during clip playback at 500 Hz with a BIOPAC BioNomadix wireless transmitter and an MP160 acquisition unit under AcqKnowledge 5.0.10, through a clamp sensor on the tip of the index finger of the non-dominant hand, in the arbitrary units of the sensor; heart rate and RMSSD in trials.csv were derived from these files

ChannelDescription
PPGBlood volume pulse waveform, arbitrary units

File layout · ppg/Participant<n>_Clip<n>_PPG.txt

time	PPG
0.0000	…
0.0020	…

Electroencephalogram EEG

1,679 recordings covering 61 participants and 28 clips · 95% of trials · 500 Hz · typical recording 49.3 s

Electroencephalogram recorded during clip playback with an Enobio 8 wireless system (Neuroelectrics) at 500 Hz: seven electrodes at scalp sites of the 10-20 system (F3, Fz, F4, Cz, P3, Pz, P4), one electrode above the right eye recording the electro-oculogram, and the reference on the earlobe, with conductive gel at every site and impedances below 10 kΩ. Stored as the raw amplifier output in microvolts, without filtering or re-referencing; the band powers in trials.csv were derived from these files.

ChannelDescription
F3Left frontal electrode (F3, 10-20 system), in µV
FzFrontal midline electrode (Fz, 10-20 system), in µV
F4Right frontal electrode (F4, 10-20 system), in µV
CzCentral midline electrode (Cz, 10-20 system), in µV
P3Left parietal electrode (P3, 10-20 system), in µV
PzParietal midline electrode (Pz, 10-20 system), in µV
P4Right parietal electrode (P4, 10-20 system), in µV
EOGElectro-oculogram from an electrode above the right eye, in µV; records eye movements and blinks and was used to remove ocular artefacts from the EEG channels

File layout · eeg/Participant<n>_Clip<n>_EEG.txt

time	F3	Fz	F4	Cz	P3	Pz	P4	EOG
0.0000	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
0.0020	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…

Pupil diameter PUPIL

1,707 recordings covering 62 participants and 28 clips · 97% of trials · 60 Hz · typical recording 30.5 s

Pupil diameter recorded during clip playback with a Tobii Pro Spark eye tracker at 60 Hz, in millimetres per eye, after a nine-point calibration that was repeated when its accuracy was insufficient, under constant room illumination of about 12 lux with the participant's head on a chin rest; MeanPupilDiameter in trials.csv was derived from these files

ChannelDescription
PupilLeftLeft pupil diameter as reported by the eye tracker, in mm; empty where the eye was not tracked
PupilRightRight pupil diameter as reported by the eye tracker, in mm; empty where the eye was not tracked
PupilFilteredDiameter combined over both eyes after removing samples outside 1.5-9 mm and dilation-speed outliers (median + 16 MAD), averaging whichever eyes remained valid, and linearly interpolating gaps up to 250 ms, in mm

File layout · pupil/Participant<n>_Clip<n>_PUPIL.txt

time	PupilLeft	PupilRight	PupilFiltered
0.0000	…	…	…
0.0167	…	…	…